The 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion (1er BEP) was an airborne unit of the French Foreign Legion. Activated in Algeria in mid-1948, the battalion participated in the First Indochina War (1946-54), during which it was annihilated twice. In early 1955, the 1er BEP returned to North Africa to suppress the growing rebel activities there. Later that year, it became a regiment, inheriting the battalion’s number, history, and traditions.
1948: First Legion Paratroopers in Algeria
In 1948, the Foreign Legion’s main headquarters was still based in Algeria, North Africa. The legionnaires had been stationed there since 1831 and had adopted Algeria as their homeland. In 1848, the country became an integral part of France.
A century later, in 1948, the decision was made to form an airborne unit within the Foreign Legion. A decree of March 27 ordered such a formation in North Africa. Thus, the Legion’s headquarters made a call to all volunteers among Foreign Legion forces stationed in the territory to join the new airborne units. Dozens of legionnaires applied.
By the way, first legionnaires-paratroopers had already appeared in North Africa during World War II. But that is another story.
On May 13, a field camp was set up at Khamisis to gather future paratroopers. This was a military shooting range located south of Sidi Bel Abbès, then the main garrison town and HQ of the Legion.
Camp Khamisis soon became the Parachute Training Group (GIP) under Lieutenant Lepage, whom Lieutenant Colin replaced in June.
The same month, the 1st Company was constituted under Captain Pierre Darmuzai. Lieutenant Lepage took command of its 1st Platoon.
1948: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Algeria
The 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion (1er Bataillon Etranger de Parachutistes, 1er BEP) was established in Algeria on July 1, 1948. Officially based at Camp Khamisis, it was the first airborne unit of the Legion ever formed in North Africa. Captain Pierre Segrétain, who had served with the Legion since 1936, took command.
1er BEP’s composition in Algeria in July 1948
- Commander : Captain Segrétain
- HQ Company : Captain Lucas
- 1st Company : Captain Darmuzai
- 2nd Company : Lieutenant de Saint-Etienne
- 3rd Company : Lieutenant Hochart
In July, around 350 officers and legionnaires of the 1er BEP undertook three weeks of parachute training in Philippeville (now called Skikda), a town in northeastern Algeria. At the time, the town served as France’s main paratrooper center in the region. On July 27, the men received their parachutist badge.
In August, Captain Darmuzai left the battalion to be transferred to a Foreign Legion recruitment center in Paris. Lieutenant de Carvalho replaced him as the commander of the 1st Company, 1er BEP.
Also in August, Captain Pierre Jeanpierre joined the 1er BEP and became the deputy commander. In the Legion since 1937, he was a close friend of Captain Segrétain. They both took part in the 1941 Syria-Lebanon Campaign with the 6e REI.
In October, the fully constituted 1er BEP was ready to deploy to French Indochina to join the ongoing First Indochina War there.
1948: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Indochina
French Indochina. The title refers to French colonial territories in Southeast Asia: today’s Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. These countries had been under French rule since the 1880s, with the important help of legionnaires. This rule was temporarily interrupted in March 1945, when French Indochina faced the Japanese occupation.
In late 1945, with the defeat of the Japanese Empire, the first French troops were installed back in Indochina, now partially occupied by the Viet Minh (League for the Independence of Vietnam), a nationalist movement led by Ho Chi Minh. The latter declared independence from France for Vietnam in September 1945. A formal agreement between the French government and the movement ended in December 1946, when the Viet Minh launched a general attack aimed at French garrisons. The First Indochina War started. Ho Chi Minh was forced to leave Hanoi, a former capital of French Indochina and the capital of Tonkin (which was then the French name for Northern Vietnam), and moved with his men to remote forested and mountainous areas in the north, close to the border with China.
At that time, in late 1946, the Foreign Legion had stationed three infantry regiments in Indochina, as well as a small number of autonomous logistics companies. In early 1947, the 1er REC cavalrymen reinforced these units.
On October 24, 1948, it was the turn of the 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion to leave Algeria for French Indochina. It consisted of 27 officers and 770 NCOs and legionnaires. Three weeks later, on November 12, they landed in Hai Phong, the main port town in Tonkin.
The battalion would be garrisoned in Hanoi. On November 15, during the movement by train toward the city, a Viet Minh improvised explosive device hit a passenger car carrying the 2nd Company. Three legionnaires were killed and became the very first casualties for the 1er BEP.
The same day, the battalion was stationed in Gia Lam, a city district located northeast of Hanoi’s center, with an important French air base nearby.
1er BEP’s composition in Indochina in November 1948
- Commander : Captain Segrétain
- HQ Company : Captain Lucas
- 1st Company : Lieutenant de Carvalho
- 2nd Company : Captain Bouyssou
- 3rd Company : Captain de Saint-Etienne
In late November, the 2nd Company moved to Lang Son, a town located northeast of Hanoi, close to the border with China. The Viet Minh forces, commanded by General Giap, conducted guerrilla warfare there. It was characterized mainly by assaults on French convoys and small military posts, or ambushes on patrols. The 1er BEP men were tasked with protecting military convoys on the important Colonial Road 4 (RC4) and patrolling the Lang Son region, alongside 3e REI legionnaires.
In Lang Son, the 2nd Company replaced the Cie Para that had finished an exhausting six-month deployment to northeastern Tonkin. In fact, the so-called Cie Para was the very first operational airborne unit of the Foreign Legion. It was constituted within the 3e REI in Tonkin in April 1948, with volunteers coming from all Legion infantry regiments based in Indochina. In early December, Cie Para ceased to be part of the 3e REI and was assigned to the 1er BEP for administrative purposes. However, it was still considered an autonomous unit.
In the meantime, the rest of the 1er BEP was sent to Xuan Mai, a village located west of Hanoi, to guard Colonial Road 6 (RC6). There, in an attack close to Yen Trinh during Operation Pegase on December 8, the first 1er BEP men were killed in action: Second Lieutenant de Chabot and German legionnaire Neuhauser.
1949: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Indochina
On January 16, a skirmish took place on RC4 in the Cao Bang region, near Dong Khe. Two 1er BEP legionnaires, who protected a French convoy, were killed.
In February, the battalion returned to Gia Lam, except for the 1st Company which was stationed in Hanoi’s citadel. The same month, the Gia Lam air base was redesignated as Airbase Nord (BAPN). It became one of the two major French air bases in Tonkin.
In the meantime, Lieutenant Laborde took command of the HQ Company.
In March, a successful operation to support resisting 3e REI outposts occurred near That Khe, along RC4. Simultaneously, the 2nd Company left Lang Son and moved to That Khe.
On April 16, the unit saw its first combat jump. West of Hanoi, in the Phu Tho region, the 1st Platoon, 3rd Company under Lieutenant Gilbert Roy carried out an airborne operation and jumped over Cha Vai, an outpost that the Viet Minh had previously attacked.
On April 25, the Viet Minh attacked a supply convoy moving on RC4 near Loung Phai, north of That Khe. Eleven French soldiers were killed, while 31 were wounded or missing; the majority of the casualties were 3e REI legionnaires. However, 2nd Company 1er BEP men were also among the wounded. Afterward, the company returned to Lang Son.
April 29 marked another combat jump, this time carried out by the whole battalion, as part of Operation Pomone I. The 1er BEP’s three companies jumped over Colonial Road 2 (RC2) near Phu Loc, northwest of Hanoi. Through May 3, the legionnaires cleared the sector of any enemy, capturing about 50 Viet Minh rebels.
In early May, the 2nd Company returned to Hanoi after spending five months in the Lang Son region. The same month, the 1st and 3rd Companies, 1er BEP participated in Operation Pomone II to seize Tuyen Quang and clear the sector. Over the course of two weeks, more than 170 Viet Minh rebels were killed; 1er BEP legionnaires also captured almost 40 mortars.
On May 31, the semi-autonomous Parachute Company of 3e REI (Cie Para) was disbanded and its men incorporated into the 1er BEP.
In early July, Captain Segrétain was promoted to Major.
On July 2, a fierce battle occurred at Dinh Bang, close to Gia Lam; six men of the battalion were killed and 14 wounded.
Between July 13 and August 8, Operation Bastille took place in the Bac Ninh region, northeast of Hanoi. The battalion suffered two deaths, including Sergeant Heinz Hammermeister. He commanded the Cie Para’s next-to-last elements to join the 1er BEP. Sergeant Hammermeister was a former Fallschirmjäger (German paratrooper) who had participated in the very first mainly airborne invasion in military history, in the well-known 1941 Operation Mercury on the Greek island of Crete.
In August and September, the battalion was involved in Operation Canigou, alongside their comrades from the 13e DBLE and 6e REI. The unit suffered five deaths.
On October 14, the 1er BEP once again conducted a combat jump, this time at the beginning of Operation Therese. About 300 of its men jumped over Lung Vai in the Lang Son region. Upon landing, 14 men – including Lieutenant Stien and Lieutenant Vion – were wounded.
In November, the 1st Company left the citadel of Hanoi and rejoined the rest of the battalion at Gia Lam; Captain Garrigues took command.
In late November, the 2nd Company deployed west of Hanoi, to participate alongside 5e REI men in an operation near Hoa Binh. The Viet Minh launched an offensive there. The company returned to Hanoi in December.
In late December, 1st Company men were involved in Operation Diabolo in the Hai Phong region.
Also in 1949, a guerrilla warfare commando was created within the battalion, first under Sergeant Kopatoff and then, after his death in February 1950, under Corporal Constant, his deputy. Operating beyond enemy lines, it was composed of a small platoon of former Viet Minh members. The Commando Constant existed until late 1950.
1950: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Indochina
In January, Operation Diabolo was repeated. The same month, the 3rd Company moved to the northernmost part of Tonkin to escort Chinese General Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang Nationalists retreating from China, following their defeat by the Chinese Communists.
Between February 8 and 25, Operation Tonneau took place south of Hanoi, to seize the town of Thai Binh.
The same month, Lieutenant de Borde took command of the HQ Company.
In March, the battalion participated in the disarmament of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists.
In late April, week-long Operation David occurred south of Hanoi, in the Quang Nguyen region. On April 21, 139 Viet Minh rebels were killed during a fierce battle, while another 29 rebels were imprisoned.
Also in April, first reinforcements came from Algeria, under Lieutenant Roger Faulques. These were mainly young legionnaires who had finished their basic training. Lieutenant Faulques would take command of PEG, a platoon to train and form future NCOs of the battalion.
Between mid-May and mid-June, the 1er BEP participated in Operation Foudre in the Phu Ly and Nam Dinh regions, south of Hanoi, alongside the 3rd Battalion, 3e REI. As a result, more than 100 Viet Minh rebels were killed and over 160 imprisoned. The parachute battalion suffered four legionnaires killed and 18 men wounded.
In the meantime, Lieutenant Jacques Morin left the battalion. He had previously commanded the Parachute Company, 3e REI.
In July, after having left Gia Lam, the 1er BEP was stationed at Bach Mai Airfield, Hanoi, France’s second major air base in Tonkin (Northern Vietnam).
1er BEP’s composition in Indochina in July 1950
- Commander : Major Segrétain
- HQ Company : Lieutenant Pelleterat de Borde
- 1st Company : Captain Garrigues
- 2nd Company : Captain Bouyssou
- 3rd Company : Captain de Saint-Etienne
Battle of Route Coloniale 4. In mid-September, a Viet Minh offensive started in the north of Tonkin, close to the border with China. This was known as the Battle of Dong Khe, and its first phase was aimed at 3e REI outposts located along Colonial Road 4 (RC4). The French and legionnaires faced up to six Viet Minh regiments and suffered heavy casualties.
On September 17-18, the 1er BEP was sent to the affected sector to help the 3e REI legionnaires and the rest of the French troops to retreat. The battalion was assembled at That Khe, south of Dong Khe. The latter was partially occupied by the 1er BEP on October 2, after heavy clashes with the Viet Minh.
On the 3rd, having regrouped in Cao Bang, the French units were ordered to withdraw to the southeast, to Dong Khe. In the meantime, severe clashes occurred with the Viet Minh at Dong Khe; the 1er BEP killed around 300 rebels that day.
From October 4 to 6, 1er BEP men formed a column and marched to the northwest to meet and reinforce the 3e REI’s retreating column which comprised thousands of elements, including local auxiliaries and their families. On October 7, the battalion faced a fierce battle with the Viet Minh and suffered heavy losses; only 130 combat-ready men were left. However, the two French columns eventually met that day.
During their subsequent retreat to That Khe along RC4, they were besieged and attacked. In the following heavy battles of October 8 and 9, the French lost over 3,000 men. Among the French losses in their first major defeat in the Indochina War was the 1er BEP (21 officers, and 466 NCOs and legionnaires), including badly wounded Major Segrétain; he died a week later in Viet Minh captivity.
Thus, the 1er BEP became the first French airborne battalion lost in combat. Only 28 men survived (three officers, three NCOs, and 22 legionnaires). The group was led by Captain Jeanpierre, who escaped the enemy and, after a few days, led his men through the jungle to safety.
Two rarely mentioned paradoxes occurred during the Battle of RC4. First, deployments to Indochina usually took two years. The 1er BEP landed in Indochina in November 1948; therefore, the majority of its men were finishing their mission and had to leave Indochina in November 1950. The September-October operations along RC4 were to be their last actions in Indochina before their return to North Africa. Unfortunately, this had become a sad truth.
Second, during their very last operation, the 1er BEP was annihilated in the sector located between Cao Bang and Lang Son. Paradoxically, this was also the site of their very first operation in Indochina in late 1948.
Company Loth
A newly arrived detachment from Algeria, tasked with reinforcing the 1er BEP and replacing the elements returning to North Africa, was alerted at Bach Mai Airfield on October 6. Under Lieutenant Daniel Loth, the 130 men formed Reinforcement Provisional Company (Compagnie de Marche de renfort) and were assigned to the 3e GCCP (Parachute Colonial Commando Group), a French two-company battalion-size airborne unit (ex-3e BCCP).
Two days later, while the 1er BEP faced their destruction, the unit nicknamed Company Loth jumped over That Khe, along with the 3e GCCP. Both units had to cover the withdrawal of French troops – including Captain Labaume’s 2nd Battalion, 3e REI – from that town. On the morning of October 11, Company Loth and the 3e GCCP were ordered to move to Na Cham, some 15 miles (25 km) southeast of That Khe. Not far from the town, at Deo Cat, they were attacked by the Viet Minh and suffered heavy casualties; Lieutenant Loth was wounded and imprisoned.
Within two days, the 1er BEP company had lost 50 percent of its men. Serious clashes with the enemy continued until October 14, when the entire 3e GCCP group was annihilated. From three original companies, about 260 commandos and 130 legionnaires were lost. Pursued by three Viet Minh regiments in the jungle, only 13 men of the 3e GCCP reached French positions.
1er BEP’s Rear Base in late 1950
After the disaster on RC4, attempts were made to save the original battalion. On October 16, Captain Rémy Raffalli took command of what was left of the original 1er BEP at Bach Mai Airfield, the battalion’s rear base. The companies were re-established with rear base officers and replenished with new arrivals from Africa. Captain Vieulès’ 2nd Company (four officers, 11 NCOs, and 120 legionnaires) was combat-ready and even participated in a military operation as early as October 30.
1er BEP’s composition in Indochina in early November 1950
- Commander : Captain Raffalli
- HQ Company : Lieutenant Louis-Calixte
- 1st Company : Second Lieutenant Belgodère
- 2nd Company : Captain Vieulès
- 3rd Company : Captain Coat
However, in mid-November, a service notice announced the decision to inactivate the 1er BEP. Thus, a few days later, Captain Raffalli and Captain Coat were transferred to the 2e BEP, a sister unit constituted in Algeria in late 1948 and sent to Indochina in early 1949. Raffalli took command of the 2e BEP. Captain Francois Vieulès, in turn, took temporary command of the 1er BEP.
On November 23, two platoons of the 2nd Company once again went into action and were involved in Operation Flore, southeast of Hanoi, alongside the 2e BEP.
In early December, the 1er BEP was cited (mentioned in dispatches) at the Army level, the highest possible level for citations in France, and its fanion (guidon) received a war cross with a palm. Officially, the unit was awarded for its actions carried out between 1948 and 1950. Two weeks later, a new notice corrected the battalion’s dissolution date to December 31. That day, the 1er BEP was officially inactivated.
1951: Provisional Company, 1er BEP
On January 1, 1951, following the inactivation of the battalion, a new company was established to keep the 1er BEP’s fanion, history and traditions: Provisional Company, 1er BEP. Commanded by Captain Vieulès, it comprised five officers, 18 NCOs, and 185 legionnaires. The fully combat-ready Compagnie de marche was administratively assigned to the 2e BEP. Three weeks later, the 1er BEP was awarded with a new citation at the Army level, this time for the its sacrifice in the Battle of RC4.
Foreign Airdrop Resupply Company
Also in early January, another unit – Foreign Airdrop Resupply Company (CERA) – was constituted in Hanoi with 5 officers, 25 NCOs, and 182 men (legionnaires and local auxiliaries) from the inactivated 1er BEP. The unit was tasked with airdropping supplies to support otherwise inaccessible French troops and isolated outposts within a theater of operations.
1951: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Indochina
On March 1, the Provisional Company 1er BEP was reinforced by about 80 men from the 2e BEP and became Parachute Battalion A. The unit would participate in an operation in the Hai Duong region.
In mid-March, the 3e BEP landed in Tonkin. It comprised almost 500 men under Captain Darmuzai, one of the very first officers in the original 1er BEP in mid-1948. A training and depot unit of Legion paratroopers created in Algeria in late 1949, the 3e BEP incorporated Parachute Battalion A and became the new 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion. Still under Captain Darmuzai, it consisted of an HQ and four companies.
One of its companies was the Foreign Legion Indochinese Parachute Company (CIPLE), a unit composed of local auxiliaries. As non-legionnaires, the auxiliaries wore white berets instead of white kepis during parades. Recruitment of local auxiliaries was a result of the new “yellowing” French policy; local anti-communists loyal to France were to help replenish the under-strength French units, including the Legion ones. Thus, the other three 1er BEP companies became mixed, comprising legionnaires and local soldiers.
Based at Quy Khue, north of Hai Phong, the battalion conducted operations between that port city and Hai Duong. In May, its men participated in Operation Méduse and Operation Reptile in the Tonkinese Red River Delta.
On May 11, a new fanion was introduced to the 1er BEP. Meanwhile, the unit was once again stationed at Bach Mai Airfield in Hanoi.
In late May, two-week-long Operation Caméléon started in the Ngoc Lam sector, northeast of the capital.
Apart from clashes west of Hanoi on August 11, the period between May and November was relatively calm.
On July 14 (Bastille Day), the 1er BEP fanion earned the fourragère in the colors of the Foreign Theaters of Operations War Cross (TOE, blue/red) thanks to the two unit citations at the Army level. Thus, the whole battalion was allowed to wear the new award.
From November 1951 until early 1952, the battalion took part in the large-scale Battle of Hoa Binh, west of Hanoi. Several Legion battalions also participated, including the 2e BEP. On November 10, Operation Bastille took place as the first phase of the battle; 1er BEP men jumped over the town of Cho Ben to occupy this point, which was strategically important for the following operations. Two weeks later, five legionnaires of the battalion were killed and another 10 wounded during a skirmish near that town.
In December, both BEPs took part in operations of the Battle of Hoa Binh.
1952: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Indochina
Operations forming part of the Battle of Hoa Binh continued (Operation Néuphar, Operation Violette, Operation Speculum) until late January 1952. Then, the 1er BEP returned to Hanoi.
In late February, Operation Bastia took place in the Bac Ninh region, northeast of the capital.
Between March 1 and 7, two Viet Minh regiments were annihilated during Operation Ouragan in the Red River Delta. The 1er BEP participated; five men were killed. This was followed by two-week Operation Amphibie in the Phu Ly, Nam Dinh, and Thai Binh regions, south of Hanoi. Fifteen French battalions took part, including the 1er BEP. During the operation, the battalion killed 52 Viet Minh troops at Noi Thon, north of Nam Dinh, on March 15.
Between May and September, the battalion carried out operations in sectors southeast of the capital.
In June, Captain Darmuzai left the 1er BEP and was replaced by Major Albert Brothier.
In late October, two-week-long Operation Lorraine started in the Phu Doan and Yen Bai regions of Tonkin. Up to 30,000 French troops participated, including both BEPs. During the operation, the Viet Minh suffered significant losses.
In late November, the 1er BEP deployed to the Son La region, west of Hanoi, to take part in the ensuing Battle of Na San. The week-long battle, in which 11 French battalions faced nine Viet Minh regiments, resulted in an important French victory.
1953: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Indochina
In mid-January, the 1er BEP left Na San and returned to its base. At that time, the battalion was composed of some 760 men.
Between late January and mid-March, the 1er BEP conducted operations in Central Vietnam (Annam).
In April, during an operation southwest of Hanoi, Major Brothier was wounded and had to leave the battalion and Indochina. Captain Maurice Guiraud replaced him.
On September 1, the 1st Heavy Mortar Foreign Parachute Company (1re CEPML) was created, equipped with 120 mm heavy mortars. Based near Bach Mai Airfield, the new company was administratively assigned to the 1er BEP.
On September 22, three-week-long Operation Brochet began along the Red River in the Hung Yen region of Tonkin. At least 10,000 French troops were involved, including legionnaires from the 1er BEP. The unit had 23 men killed and 73 officers and legionnaires wounded.
To repeat the success of Na San, where the French troops defended the valley and defeated the enemy, a similar entrenched camp was to be established in the valley of Dien Bien Phu, in the western part of Tonkin, close to Laos. Thus, between November 20 and 22, important airborne Operation Castor was carried out to occupy the valley and attract the enemy. Over 4,000 French troops – including the 1er BEP and the 1re CEPML – jumped over Dien Bien Phu. The valley was seized in what was then the largest airborne operation since World War II.
Operation Pollux. On December 11, severe clashes took place during an operation inside the Dien Bien Phu valley. That day, the 1er BEP lost 52 men (killed, wounded, or missing).
1954: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Indochina
In January, clashes with the Viet Minh continued in the Dien Bien Phu valley. On the 12th, the 1er BEP suffered losses of five men killed and another 33 wounded.
On February 29, thanks to another two citations at the Army level earned in the previous three years, the 1er BEP fanion was awarded the fourragère in the colors of the Military Medal. The men of the battalion wore the yellow-green fourragère from then onward.
In early March, Captain Cabiro (4th Company) was seriously wounded during a skirmish and had to leave the valley and, later, Indochina.
1er BEP’s composition in Indochina in March 1954
- Commander : Major Guiraud
- HQ Company : Lieutenant No Mura
- 1st Company : Lieutenant Luciani
- 2nd Company : Lieutenant Brandon
- 3rd Company : Lieutenant Martin
- 4th Company (CIPLE) : Lieutenant Domingo
Battle of Dien Bien Phu. On the evening of March 13, French positions in the valley were attacked; the decisive Battle of Dien Bien Phu had begun. During the following two months, the Viet Minh overran the valley. The defenders were destroyed and their units annihilated. Between them were the two BEPs and the 1re CEPML. The captured survivors, including Major Guiraud, were sent to Viet Minh POW camps. Many of them would not survive their imprisonment.
1954-1955: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Indochina
The 1er BEP’s third activation. On May 19, the 1er BEP was officially activated again, reconstituted with the rear bases of both parachute battalions stationed at Bach Mai. Captain Francois Chalony, who had been in charge of the 1er BEP’s original rear base, took temporary command of the battalion.
In the following weeks, the battalion was reconstituted step by step with the help of those returning from hospitals, reinforcements arriving from Algeria, and volunteers from all the Legion regiments stationed in Indochina, including the 1er REC.
In mid-June, the unit left Hanoi for Hai Phong, still in Tonkin.
On July 1, Captain Hélie de Saint Marc took temporary command of the 1er BEP. His “battalion” still had only seven officers, 18 NCOs, and 65 legionnaires in total at the time. Three weeks later, he was succeeded in command by Captain Jacques Germain.
In August, the First Indochina War was over. As a result, France lost its influence over Indochina. Moreover, Vietnam was divided. Tonkin, along with half of Annam (Central Vietnam), became a communist state: Ho Chi Minh’s North Vietnam. The French troops stationed there were ordered to leave. Thus, on the 26th, the 1er BEP moved to Hue in what was now the State of Vietnam (South Vietnam since 1955).
In September, veterans of Dien Bien Phu were freed from POW camps. Major Guiraud visited the new 1er BEP and, during a short ceremony, officially handed over command to Captain Germain.
A few days later, the battalion was stationed near Tourane, in what was formerly the southern part of Central Vietnam (South Annam). At the time, local auxiliaries no longer comprised part of the battalion, so they had to leave the unit due to the result of the war.
On November 1, Major Pierre Jeanpierre took command of the 1er BEP. One of the few survivors of the 1950 Battle of RC4, he was warmly received by his subordinates.
In late January 1955, the battalion left Tourane to be stationed in Saigon, the capital of the State of Vietnam. Finally, on February 8, the 1er BEP left Indochina for North Africa. During the more than six years it spent in Southeast Asia, the battalion was twice annihilated and suffered heavy losses: 52 officers (including a commanding officer), 110 non-commissioned officers, and 877 legionnaires were killed.
1955: 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion in Algeria
In the meantime, the situation had devolved considerably in French North Africa. The year 1954 brought not only the end of the war in Indochina but also the beginning of hostilities in Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria.
The 1er BEP, now consisting of some 580 men, landed in Algeria on February 25 and moved to Zeralda, a small town located some 12 miles (20 km) west of Algiers, the capital. The men occupied and rebuilt a former British military camp from WWII, and established their main base there.
In mid-April, the 1er BEP earned its fifth citation at the Army level, in honor of its actions at Dien Bien Phu.
Since early May, operational life had resumed. The battalion was sent to the Aures-Nementchas Mountains, a harsh and deprived region in northeastern Algeria that had been heavily affected by the insurgency. Initially, the Legion paratroopers patrolled the sector between Bou Hamama and Khenchela. Then, in June, they moved east to Tebessa, a sector situated close to the border with Tunisia. Here, the battalion began a direct action against the rebels, who were represented mostly by the National Liberation Front (FLN) and its armed branch, the ALN.
Meanwhile, the Army high command decided to reorganize the 1er BEP and expand it into a regiment: the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment (1er REP).
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Main information sources:
Képi blanc magazines
Foreign Legion annual bulletins
More Majorum (German legionnaires in Indochina)
Fanion Vert et Rouge (Fr)
Jean Luc Mesager and collective: Légionnaires parachutistes (L’Esprit du Livre, 2008)
Pierre Montagnon: Les parachutistes de la Légion (Pygmalion, 2005)
Pierre Sergent: Je ne regrette rien (Librairie Fayard, 1972)
Alain Gandy: La Légion en Indochine (Presses de la Cité, 1988)
Henri Le Mire: L’épopée moderne de la Légion (SPL, 1977)
Pierre Montagnon: Histoire de la Légion (Pygmalion, 1999)
Google.com
Wikipedia.org
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More about the history of Foreign Legion paratroopers:
2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion
History: 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment
3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment
Parachute Company of 3e REI
1st Heavy Mortar Foreign Parachute Company
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The page was updated on: October 24, 2023