The 2nd Legion Saharan Motorized Company (2e CSPL) was a self-governing, autonomous Saharan motorized infantry unit of the French Foreign Legion. The 2e CSPL was constituted in France’s North Africa after WWII, in 1946. Its mission was to maintain French presence in the region. The company served in Algeria between 1946 and 1963. Since the mid-1950s, the unit had participated in the Algerian War. After the war was over, in 1962, France started to reduce its forces there. The 2e CSPL was disbanded in 1963.
Before the creation of 2e CSPL
In May 1945, when the Second World War in Europe was over, rebellions started in Algeria, a country situated in North Africa. Then Algeria, home to the French Foreign Legion since 1832, had been considered as an integral part of France since the mid-19th century. However, the world war undermined the authority of the French in the eyes of the local population and some of the most radical elements started to call for an Algerian independence.
To restore and maintain order in this large and important part of the French empire, the government in Paris decided to reinforce French forces in Algeria. At the same time when the first Foreign Legion units landed in French Indochina, an old Saharan motorized company of legionnaires divided into two new companies.
2nd Legion Saharan Motorized Company: 1946-54
– 2nd Legion Saharan Motorized Company
– 2e Compagnie Saharienne Portée de la Légion (2e CSPL)
– 2e CSPL was established on April 1, 1946
– the unit was organized in Ain Sefra
– a garrison town in western Algeria
– then home to the CSPL (Saharan Motorized Company)
– the unit was split in two new units
– 1re CSPL would stay in Ain Sefra
– 2e CSPL would be stationed at Ouargla
– a town located 370 miles (600 km) east of Ain Sefra
– Captain Bernard took command
– 2e CSPL consisted of 2 officers + 15 NCOs + 160 legionnaires
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1946
– in late April, the company left Ain Sefra
– April 28, 2e CSPL arrived at Ouargla
– the unit was stationed at Bordj Chandez
– then an abandoned French military post
– situated some 12 miles (20km) west of the town
– the post was a former base of the 1st Mixed Company, 1er REI (now 1er RE)
– the 1er REI’s mixed company left the post in 1943
– 2e CSPL would be occupied by works to restore the post
– the works took one year
– July, first vehicles
– that summer, all French Saharan units were equipped
– they received in Marseille their vehicles
– Latil M7 T1 4×4 trucks
– French vehicles made for German soldiers during WWII
– in summer, the first mission for 2e CSPL
– in the Batna region, northern Algeria
– December, a fanion of 1re CMA obtained
– 1re CMA (Algerian Mounted Company) was a Foreign Legion unit
– it served in Algeria between 1913-39
– considered as a traditional unit of all Legion mounted companies
– units having served in Algeria since the 1880s
– 2e CSPL was named as the successor to the 1re CMA
– because of that, the unit would guard the 1re CMA’s fanion
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1947
– 2e CSPL’s composition in early 1947:
- Command – Captain Bernard
- 1st Platoon – Lieutenant Bouyssou
- 2nd Platoon – Second Lieutenant Le Rouvreur
- 3rd Platoon – Second Lieutenant Pinter
– January-March, road markers erecting mission in Libya
– an important three-month mission
– to erect road markers and signs between Ouargla and Sebha
– the capital of the French-governed region of Fezzan in southeastern Libya
– the Fezzan region governed by France (1943-51) borders Algeria to the west
– a large desert area of sand dunes
– 2nd Platoon, 2e CSPL carried out the mission
– in 84 days, 2e CSPL men did 2,500 miles (4,000 km)
– April, a mission in the Sahara of Algeria
– 1st Platoon, 2e CSPL carried out the mission
– the mission took place bewtween Ouargla and El Golea
– located some 190 miles (300 km) south-west of Ouargla
– at the time, the company had already have some GMC trucks
– May, Bordj Chandez of the 2e CSPL was finally restored
– November, a criminal act within the company
– a legionnaire was found murdered inside the post
– a sergeant was accused during the following investigation
– in mid-December, first element to Laghouat
– the company’s future garrison town in central Algeria
– located some 190 miles (300 km) north-west of Ouargla
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1948
– in late March, 2e CSPL left Ouargla
– the company left their Bordj Chandez of Ouargla
– to be based at Laghouat
– at Quartier Marguerite, a French military barracks
– that year, 2e CSPL was equipped with new vehicles
– Dodges 4×4 (Command Car + Radio Car) + several Dodges 6×6
– November, a month-long Saharan mission
– Captain + a small detachment led by Lieutenant Debelle
– to accompany the commander of French sappers/engineers in Algeria
– they travelled as far as French Sudan (today’s Mali and Niger)
– some 1,000 miles (1,600 km) south of Laghouat
– across El Golea, In Salah, Tamanrasset and the Hoggar Mountains
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1949
– that year, Saharan uniform adopted
– in 1949, 2e CSPL men adopted their own Saharan parade uniform
– a long-sleeve white shirt + black seroual trousers
– seroual (also sirwal) are a form of baggy trousers
– typically worn in Muslim countries
– also in France’s North African regiments in 1830-1962
– the uniform was nicknamed Penguin by 2e CSPL legionnaires
– long-sleeve white shirts were replaced by the short-sleeve ones in 1957
– February, sports challenges in Ain Sefra
– 2e CSPL faced 1re CSPL
– March, military maneuvers in the El Golea region
– alongside 1re CSPL
– June, deployment to Libya
– that month, military deployment for 2e CSPL
– a task force comprising two platoons
– led by Lieutenant Godinot, then deputy commander
– the Saharan legionnaires deployed to Libya
– to the Fezzan region to reinforce 3e CSPL
– 3e CSPL was attacked by local rebels at Sebha in mid-June
– 2e CSPL men were stationed at Brak in the Shatii valley
– situated some 45 miles (70 km) north of Sebha
– home to the rebels
– 2e CSPL men stayed in Libya for several months
– the rebellion was calmed down
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1950-52
– for this period, there aren’t any documents in archives officially
1950:
– March, Lieutenant Louis Godinot took command temporarily
– Captain Bernard left the company
– August, Captain Gallouet took command
1951:
– April, a mission in the Grand Erg Occidental
– Western Sand Sea in English
– the second largest erg in northern Algeria
– situated south-west of Laghouat
– approximately 30,000 square miles (78,000 km2) of sand dunes
– Captain Gallouet + 25 legionnaires took part
– Dodge 4×4 + three Dodges 6×6
– for the legionnaires, an appreciated mission
– they spent two weeks in the sand dunes
1952:
– Captain Berthez took command
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1953
– in May 1953, a road construction at In Salah
– a small town deep in the Sahara of Algeria
– situated some 450 miles (700 km) south of Laghouat
– a large 2e CSPL detachment participated
– 9 NCOs + 107 legionnaires
– led by Second Lieutenant Nouvel de La Fleche
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1954
– in early 1954, 2e CSPL was composed of 200 men in total
– 5 officers + 34 NCOs + 161 legionnaires
– during Camerone Day (April 30), clashes in the town
– between legionnaires (having free time) and local Arabs
– they continued the next day too
– the police of Laghouat had to intervene
– Camerone Day is the Foreign Legion most important holiday
– to commemorate the 1863 Battle of Camerone
– June-December, deployment to Tunisia
– June 13, 2e CSPL deployed to Tunisia
– a country bordering Algeria to the east
– a French protectorate at the time
– with growing rebel activities
– it was seen as the first stage of the future Algerian War (1954-62)
– 2e CSPL participated in patrols and military operations
– in the regions of Tabarka, Kef or Gafsa
– across the whole country
– often alongside their comrades from 6e REI
– the only Foreign Legion unit stationed in Tunisia at the time
– in late August, a skirmish with rebels
– the very first documented action for 2e CSPL legionnaires in North Africa
– it took place close to Gafsa, central Tunisia
– 2 rebels were killed
– September 24, a military operation
– at Djebel Miloussi and Djebel Hedma
– in the Gafsa region
– 2e CSPL legionnaires took part
– 32 rebels were killed + 6 rebels imprisoned
– October-November, operations along the Algeria-Tunisia border
– 2e CSPL participated
– alongside two 6e REI companies + BM3 (Task Force 3) from 1er RE
– October 3, a skirmish at Redeyef
– in the Gafsa region
– 2 rebels were killed
– 2 legionnaires were wounded
– October 9, First man killed in action
– that day, the first man of 2e CSPL was killed in action
– Senior Corporal Jackson
– during a skirmish at Tarzena
– 2 legionnaires were wounded
– The only officer of 2e CSPL killed in action
– November 18, a skirmish with local rebels in central Tunisia
– at Djebel Atra, in the Gafsa region
– 2e CSPL were involved
– 7 rebels were killed
– however, 2nd Platoon lost their platoon leader
– Lieutenant Jean Touya
– he became the only officer of the company killed in action
– 2 legionnaires were also killed
– December 11, 2e CSPL left Tunisia
– Algerian War started
– in late 1954, the rebellions also affected Algeria
– in November, first armed attacks aimed at French soldiers
– later in 1955, these actions escalated into a regular war
2nd Legion Saharan Motorized Company: 1954-63
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1955
– back in Algeria, 2e CSPL became an operational unit
– because of the beginning Algerian War
– the men operated in the Laghouat and Messaad regions
– 2e CSPL’s main tasks in Algeria were:
- to patrol and maintain order in the region
- to maintain French presence in the region
- to conduct military operations
- to scour rebel groups
- to collect information about rebel activities
- to operate road checkpoints
- to protect French supply convoys
- to accompany and guard French military and civil officials
– July, Lieutenant Joseph Plantevin took command
– he joined the Legion as a young officer in April 1947
– he served with 1er RE in Algeria and GPLEM in Morocco
– in Indochina, he served with 723e CRALE (future 1re CMRLE) and the 13e DBLE
– Lieutenant Plantevin would be promoted to Captain in October
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1956
– April, operations around Amoura
– a town north-east of Laghouat
– 2e CSPL moved to Messaad
– June 19, the company moved to Messaad
– a town some 50 miles (75 km) north-east of Laghouat
– to build their Forward operating base there
– the base would be finished in early 1957
– the company’s rear base remained in Laghouat
– at the time, 2e CSPL had already have an Machine Gun Platoon
– consisting of AMM8 (M8 Greyhound) armored cars
– led by Lieutenant Stepanovich
– November 7-8, a large military operation
– at Djebel Boubail
– between Djelfa et Ouled Djellal, north-east of Messaad
– 2e CSPL participated
– Ziane Achour was killed by them during the operation
– an important rebel General
– however, Sergeant Leiva was also killed
– Harkis
– at the time, some local auxiliaries served with 2e CSPL
– called Harki (or Harka)
– a platoon of about 20 men (2e CSPL)
– pro-French muslims, ex-rebels in the vast majority
– in the late 1950s, almost every Legion operational unit had own Harkis
– this model was adopted in Indochina
– Harkis were led by a Legion (Senior) Corporal or a Sergeant
– within 2e CSPL, the first harkis were led by Adjudant Amatore
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1957
– in mid-January, an operation near Djebel Sefra
– north-east of Messaad
– 3 rebels were killed + 2 rebels imprisoned
– February 4, clashes at Oued Ourfiane
– in the Messaad region
– two Foreign Legion units were involved
– 2e CSPL + 1er REC
– 20 rebels were killed
– April, 2e CSPL left Messaad
– to be replaced there by 3e CSPL having arrived from Libya
– 2e CSPL would move to Ghardaia
– some 110 miles (180 km) south of Laghouat
– Ghardaia became their new forwarding base
– May 22-23, clashes with rebels
– near Kef Mimouna and Hassi Larzeg, west of Laghouat
– 45 rebels were killed + 10 rebels imprisoned
– 4 legionnaires were also killed
– since June, maintaing order in Ghardaria
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1958
– February, a two-week operation around Kef Mimouna
– 2e CSPL alongside 3e CSPL
– in late February, 2e CSPL returned to Laghouat
– May 1, a skirmish with rebels at Ksar El Hirane
– a village east of Laghouat
– home to a detachment of 3e CSPL
– 2e CSPL supported their comrades
– Si Larbi (a local rebel leader) was captured
– 29 rebels were killed
– 2e CSPL had 2 legionnaires being killed
– August, census of Nomad people in the region
– registration of nomadic persons
– in the assigned sectors
– the legionnaires had to take photos and personal info of every person
– October, Captain François Le Berre took command
– in early November, a two-week operation
– in the Tadjemout sector, west of Laghouat
– over 100 rebel suspects arrested
– December, new operations in the Tadjemout sector
– west of Laghouat
– to search rebels and rebel suspects
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1959
– that year, mainly controls of nomads and searching of rebel suspects
– also patrols and protecting medical staff helping the local population
– May 29, a battle with rebels
– in the Aflou sector, north-west of Laghouat
– 15 rebels were killed or imprisoned
– in early October, an operation at Djebel Milok
– north of Laghouat
– Adjudant Keller was killed
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1960
– February 17, an operation at Djebel Oum Deloua
– west of Laghouat
– 2e CSPL alongside 1re CSPL + 3e CSPL
– 8 rebels were killed
– May 8, an operation at Oued Empires
– in the Laghouat region
– 7 rebels were killed
– a legionnaire was also killed
– June 25, an operation in the Laghouat region
– 5 rebels were killed
– December, Captain Paul Lardry took command
– born in 1928, he joined the Foreign Legion as an officer in 1951
– he served with 2nd Battalion, 13e DBLE in Indochina in the 1950s
– then with 4e REI in Morocco
– in 1974-76, Lt Colonel Lardry would command 13e DBLE
– General Lardry would command the Foreign Legion in 1980-82
– General Paul Lardry died in 2012
– at the time, 2e CSPL consisted of around 250 men
– a harka of about 20 men was assigned to the company
– 2e CSPL’s composition in late 1960:
- HQ Platoon
- 1st Platoon
- 2nd Platoon
- 3rd Platoon
- Armored Platoon
- Maintenance Platoon
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1961
– 2e CSPL’s main tasks in 1961 were:
- to patrol and maintain order in the region
- to maintain French presence in the region
- to conduct military operations
- to scour rebel groups
- to collect information about rebel activities
- to open/repair roads blocked or damaged by rebels
- to protect sensitive buildings, areas
- to relocate nomadic tribes
- to accompany and guard French military and civil officials
– February 1-2, clashes with rebels
– at Djebel Sefra, north-east of Messaad
– alongside 2e REC + French troops
– 5 rebels were killed + 2 rebels imprisoned
– 3 legionnaires were also killed
– Lieutenant Mouraud + 8 legionnaires were wounded
– April 7, a skirmish with rebels
– 3 rebels were killed
– in mid-1961, 2e CSPL set a new record
– they passed 1,250 miles (2,000 km) through the Sahara in 68 hours
– July 20, another skirmish with rebels
– a legionnaire was killed + 2 legionnaires were wounded
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1962
– January 10-12, a military operation
– close to Sidi Bou Zid, north-west of Laghouat
– 6 rebels were imprisoned
– several rebel hideouts were discovered
– more then 4 tons of supplies were captured
– one of the last military operations for 2e CSPL
– Algerian War ended
– March 19, an official ceasefire came into force
– a result of the Évian Accords treaty (signed on March 18)
– however, military operations in Algeria would be conducted until September
– the end of the war would result in Algerian independence
– also in France’s withdrawal from North Africa
– the Foreign Legion’s HQ had to leave its homeland, Algeria
– it would move to France, after 130 years spent there
– Independence of Algeria
– July 5, Algeria gained its independence
– after the independence, the unit’s missions changed
– maintaining, cleaning and repairing of materiel
– also tours between different French (mainly Legion) outposts
– to keeping connections
– besides, sports activities and training
2e CSPL in Algeria: 1963
– January, Captain Raymond Bonnet took command
– the last commander of the company
– 2e CSPL was still based in Laghouat
– a rotating platoon stationed at Tilrempt
– a village with an airfield between Laghouat and Ghardaia
– the gate to Hassi R’Mel gas field, the largest gas field in Algeria
– the platoon patrolled the sector and guarded the gas field
– March 31, 2e CSPL’s dissolution
– that day, 2e CSPL was disbanded
– the whole company would join 4e REI
– to become the 1st Motorized Company, 4e REI (1re CP) since April 1
– however, the company would not survive more than a year
– in April 1964, the regiment (including the ex-2e CSPL) was disbanded
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Images & information main sources:
Képi blanc magazines
Foreign Legion bulletins
Jean Paul Mahuault: Legionnaires Sahariens (L’esprit du Livre, 2011)
Insignes Legion
Vert et Rouge
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Foreign Legion’s other disbanded motorized units:
1st Legion Saharan Motorized Company
3rd Legion Saharan Motorized Company
4th Legion Saharan Motorized Company
Foreign Legion Moroccan Motorized Group
Foreign Legion Algerian Motorized Group
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Foreign Legion disbanded regiments:
1st Foreign Parachute Regiment
3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment
2nd Foreign Cavalry Regiment
4th Foreign Infantry Regiment
5th Foreign Regiment
6th Foreign Infantry Regiment
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The page was updated on: April 8, 2019
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